PROTEIN SYNTHESIS (TRANSCRIPTION & TRANSLATION), biology homework help

PROTEIN SYNTHESIS (TRANSCRIPTION & TRANSLATION)

Describe the role of complimentary base pairing in protein synthesis.
Be able to describe the Central Dogma of Biology and its relevance in understanding
Be able to answer the 5 W’s (who, what, where, when, why) of replication, transcription, and translation.

REGULATION OF GENE EXPRESSION; MUTATIONS

Using the lac operon in prokaryotes as an example, describe how a cell can regulate
How does the lac operon work when lactose is absent? present?
How can a eukaryotic cell selectively express, or not express, a gene?
Why is gene regulation (i.e. selective expression of genes) generally important to cells?
What is a gene mutation?
- Distinguish between base substitution mutations and insertion/deletion mutations.
- How serious are the consequences of each of these types of mutations to the affected protein? To the cell/organism?
- Why are changes in the 3^rd position less serious than changes in the 1^st or 2^nd positions?
- What are the two main causes of mutation in cells?
- How can a mutation in DNA lead to a genetic disease?
- Are all mutations heritable? Explain why or why not.